Leader & leadership

   ‡bZv I †bZ„Z¡

                         (Leader & leadership)

hyMhyM a‡i †bZ„‡Z¡i aviYv gvby‡li Kíbv I gb‡K Awff~Z K‡i †i‡L‡Q | †`Lv hvq, gvbe  BwZnvm I AwfÁZvi we¯—„Z Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q †bZv I ivR-ivRv‡`i weeiY | †bZv m¤úwK©Z mKj wkí, mvwnZ¨ I cvwÛZ¨c~Y© iPbv GKwÎZ Ki‡j GK wekvj K‡jei avib Ki‡e |GB wekvj iPbvi AwaKvsk Ry‡o i‡q‡Q Ríbv-Kíbv I ‡jvK-mvwn‡Z¨i Ávb | gbt¯—Ë¡ I mgvRweÁv‡bi D™¢‡ei mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q †bZ…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© ˆeÁvwbK avibv I e¨vL¨vi m~ÎvcvZ n‡q‡Q gvÎ Aa©-kZvãxKvj †_‡K |

‡bZ…‡Z¡i A_© I aviYv (Meaning & Concept of Leadership)

†bZ„‡Z¡i aviYv cÖK„Zc‡¶ eûgyLx Ges inm¨, Kíbv, Ávb, bxwZgvjv I AjxK wPš—vgwÛZ | †bZ„Z¡ wel‡q GB ai‡bi wef&ªvwš— j¶¨ K‡i ‘wjcn¨vg’ gš—e¨ K‡ib,

“In much of the literature the myth is perpetuated that leadership is unitary in nature. Hence one tries to it, describe it, capture it, exercise it, rate it, measure it and above all correlate and predict it”.

 †bZ„‡Z¡i AvwfavwbK A_© cwiPvjbv Kiv ev cÖ`©kb Kiv | GwU A‡bKLvwb gbt¯—vwË¡K aviYv| G‡¶‡Î AvK…ó Kiv, AbycÖvwYZ Kiv, D¾xweZ Kiv Ges ¯^Ztù‚Z©Zvi fvegÛj †bZ„‡Z¡i mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e RwoZ, kw³ cÖ‡qvM bq | A_©vr j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ mswk­ó e¨w³i AvPiY cÖfvweZ Kivi `¶ZvB n‡jv †bZ…Z¡ | mvgwMÖK A‡_© †bZ…Z¡ n‡jv Ggb GK cÖwµqv, hvi gva¨‡g GKRb e¨w³ wb‡`©kbv, civgk© I ‡KŠkj Øviv wbqš¿Y ev AvPvi-AvPiY I g‡bvfv‡ei Dci cÖfve we¯—vi K‡i |

                                                                                                                                

‡bZ…‡Z¡i we‡k­lY (Analysis of Leadership)  

I‡qÝ gš—e¨ K‡ib †h, `xN© w`‡bi `vk©wbK gZev`, Ríbv-Kíbv I M‡elYvi d‡j aviYv Kiv nq †KejgvÎ Rb¥MZfv‡e we‡kl ¸Yvejx f~wlZ e¨w³MY †bZvi f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g| mvaviYfv‡e gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i †h Ávb, Kíbvkw³, ‰ah¨©, mnbkxjZv Ges gvbwmKfv‡e myw¯’i Pwi‡Îi e¨w³MY †bZv c`gh©v`v†hvM¨| GB aviYvq Av‡iv `vex Kiv nq ‡h, Gme ¸Yvejxm¤úbœ Abb¨ mvaviY cªwZfvai e¨w³‡`i‡K †bZ…Z¡ cª`v‡bi Rb¨ wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e |

gbt¯—Ë¡ I gbt¯—vwË¡K M‡elYv c×wZ cÖeZ©‡bi mgq ‡_‡K †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡ÎI eû gbt¯—vwË¡K M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡”Q | GB M‡elYvq cÖavbZ mdj †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ RwoZ ¸Yvejx wPwýZKiY Ges Hme ¸Yvejxi mwVK cwigvc Kivi cÖ‡Póv Kiv nq | Z‡e GB wel‡qi e¨vcK ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i GB hyw³i ¯^c‡¶ Lye †ewk cÖgvY msMÖn Kiv hvqwb | M‡elKMY †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ RwoZ I mshy³ ¸Yvejxi `xN© ZvwjKv cÖYqY K‡i‡Qb | wKš—y Zviv Gme ¸Yvejxi †Kvb¸‡jv †Kvb ai‡Yi ‡bZ…‡Z¡i cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ Dchy³ Zvi mwVK e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cv‡ibwb | ZvQvov e¨w³MZ PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx mwVKfv‡e cwigv‡ci Amyweavi Kvi‡Y †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ Dchy³ ¸Yvejxi mwVK wgkÖY GL‡bv †ei Kiv m¤¢e nqwb |

‡bZ…Z¡ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq `‡ji AvIZvq Ges ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †bZv Zvi `‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq Kvh©Ki f~wgKv iv‡Lb | `j I †bZvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wnmv‡e †bZ…Z¡‡K Ae‡jvKb K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i GB we¯§qKi w`K m¤ú‡K© eû mgvRZvwË¡K M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡q‡Q | GB Avw½‡K mev©‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqwU n‡”Q, cÖwZwU `j GKwU AciwU †_‡K Avjv`v | ‡nwùj GB wel‡q M‡elYvi d‡j cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib †h, wewfbœ `j AvKvi, mgmË¡v, bgbxqZv I ¯’vwq‡Z¡i ˆewkó¨  Ô`Viscidity hedonic tone’’  ‡bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ mshy³ e‡j g‡b K‡ib | GLv‡b ‘Viscidity’ Øviv `‡ji m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ GKvZ¥‡eva Ges  `Hedonic tone`  Øviv m`m¨ wn‡m‡e †h Avb›` cvIqv hvq Zv‡KB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q |

óMwnj †bZ„‡Z¡i gbt¯—vwË¡K we‡k­l‡Yi Rb¨ 124wU mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡ib| gbt¯—vwË¡K we‡k­l‡Y †bZ„‡Z¡i mv‡_ mshy³ ¸Yvejx‡K †K›`ªwe›`y wn‡m‡e we‡k­lY Kiv nq | Aciw`‡K mgvRZvwË¡K M‡elYvq cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi Ici ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i †bZ„‡Z¡i we‡k­l‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb nq | GK`j GB wØg~Lx ¸Yvejxi Ges Av‡iK`j cwi‡e‡ki Ici ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡k­l‡Y mvdj¨ jvf Kiv hv‡e e‡j `vex K‡ib | GB weZK© wKQyw`b Av‡MKvi cÖK…wZev` I cwi‡ekev‡`i mgZzj¨ | GB wbùj weZK© Gov‡bvi j‡¶¨ AvPiYev`xMY †bZ…Z¡‡K AvPiY Øviv we‡k­lY Kivi civgk© †`b |

mbvZb msMVbZ‡Ë¡i aviYvq `vex Kiv nq, †bZv msMV‡bi kxl© ¯—‡i Aew¯’Z | ZvQvov wZwb Zvi Abymvix‡`i Zzjbvq mnRvZ gbt¯—vwË¡K Hk¦‡h© gwngvwš^Z | Giv `vex K‡ib, ‡bZv, †bZv n‡qB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib | Zviv Av‡iv g‡b K‡ib †bZv ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv |

mvgvwRK wm‡÷g Z‡Ë¡i †cÖw¶‡Z ‡bZ„‡Z¡i Av‡iv `yÕwU g‡bvfve M‡o IVvq G wel‡q aviYv m¤úªmvwiZ I mg„× n‡q‡Q | cÖ_gwUi e³e¨ “†bZvnxb `jÓ Ges wØZxqwUi e³e¨ ÔÔAvbyôvwbK msMV‡bi c`vwaKvixi †bZ„Z¡ÕÕ | cÖ_gwU‡Z AbvbyôvwbK `‡ji ga¨ n‡Z ‰Zwi †bZ„‡Z¡i we‡k­lY Kiv nq | G ai‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ e¨w³ A‡c¶v cvwicvwk¦©KZv I cwi‡e‡ki Ici c&ªwZwôZ | mg‡qi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K we‡k­lY Kivi `vex K‡ib Dc‡iv³ g‡Zi cÖe³vMY | hviv we`¨vjq‡K GKwU AbvbyôvwbK ¶gZvi AvKi e‡j g‡b K‡ib ZvivB GB aviYvq wek¦vmx | Ab¨ `„wófw½‡Z †bZ…Z¡ msMV‡bi AvbyôvwbK c‡`i Dchy³ mv_©K ÷vB‡j iwPZ e‡j `vex Kiv nq | G ai‡Yi †bZv msMVb Pvjy ivLv I msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b AwaKZi AvMÖnx|

Db¥y³ wm‡÷g Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K †bZ„‡Z¡i `ywU m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb Kiv nq | cÖ_gwU‡Z †bZ„Z¡‡K ÔKbwUb‡RwÝ ev Avbylw½KZviÕ †cÖw¶‡Z Ges wØZxqwU‡Z †bZ„Z¡‡K ÔcwiKíbv I mgš^q cÖwµqv Õ wnmv‡e cÖZ¨¶ Kiv nq | cÖ_g Z‡Ë¡ D”Pgv‡bi `¶Zv I Z…wßen †bZ„‡Z¡i auvP ev ÷vBj wPwýZ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq | msMV‡bi KvVv‡gvMZ cv_©‡K¨i d‡j †bZ„‡Z¡i `¶Zv cªfvweZ nq | G ai‡Yi cvwicvwk©¦©K ev wmPz‡qkbvj Dcv`vb h_v Kv‡Ri gvÎv, ‡bZvi `¶Zv, ‡bZvi mv‡_ `‡ji m¤úK© I cwi‡ekMZ Akvwš— BZ¨vw` Øviv †bZvi mvdj¨ wba©vwiZ nq |

wKš‘ Db¥y³ wm‡÷g e¨e¯’vq ÔcwiKíbv I mgš^q mva‡biÕ f~wgKvq ‡bZ„Z¡ we‡k­lY KivUv we‡kl dj`vqK nqwb | GB †cªw¶‡Z n¨vbmb e‡jb, ``The leader steps out of a role of exercising control directly over events and into a role of planning and shaping the internal environments of the .’’

†bZ„Z¡ we‡k­l‡Yi wewfbœ `„wófw½ Av‡iv Dcjw×i Rb¨ cwÛZMY wKfv‡e †bZ„Z¡‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb Zv cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvq | wewfbœ M‡elK wbR wbR cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z ‡bZ„Z¡‡K wfbœ wfbœ Avevi KL‡bv ev Awfbœ Avw½‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib | DBwjqvg †kK&¯úxqvi Zvi “Mid summer night’s dream”   bvU‡K †bZ…Z¡‡K we‡k­lY K‡i e‡jb,

“Some are born great; some achieve greatness; and others have greatness thrust upon them.” 

Gi mv‡_ Aci GKRb mgvRZZ¡we` gš—e¨ K‡ib, “……not a few marry into it.”    

GQvov G cÖm‡½ ‡Póvi evb©vW© Ges ievU© Uv‡bbe‡gi D×…wZ j¶¨Yxq |

evb©v‡Wi g‡Z,

“The democratic process…..depends upon leaders strong enough to maintain their ambition under its perplexities. patient to endure its restraints, proud to be foremost among the few; humbly loyal to the humble; wise enough to speak service above the illusions of power and the fatalities of fame; willing to be briefly spent in the long span of marching events.”

Uv‡bbeg cÖgyL †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb,

“We define leadership as interpersonal influence, exercised in a situation and directed, through the communication process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals.”

        GLv‡b, evb©vW© hLb †bZ…Z¡‡K e¨w³MZ ˆewk‡ói (¸Yvejx , K¨vwiRgv gnvbyfeZv) Av‡jv‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb, Uv‡bbeg ZLb cwiw¯’wZ wfwËK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g cvi¯úwiK cªfveK wn‡m‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡k­lY K‡ib | GB MÖ‡š’ wØZxq gZev` A_©vr †bZ…Z¡‡K GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³i Øviv ÁvbZt `‡ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i AvPi‡Yi wbqš¿K I cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q | GB `k©b n‡Z Aci `yBwU Abygvb ¯^vfvweKfv‡e DwÌZ nq| cÖ_gZt †bZZ¡ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Ae¯’v Ges cªfve e¨vL¨v bv K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡k­lY Kiv hvq bv| wØZxqZt †bZ„‡Z¡i f~wgKvq †bZvi PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨ Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi Ab¨Zg GKwU we‡kl w`K gvÎ|

AZGe Ic‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, †bZ„‡Z¡i cvwÊZ¨c~Y© we‡k­lY cÖavbZ `yB wkwe‡i wef³| h_v :

·        mvgvwRK gbt¯—vwË¡K we‡k­lY (K¨vwiRg¨vwUK I AvaywbK)

·        Kvh©Ki I †KŠkjMZ we‡k­lY (Kvh©Ki)

Gfv‡e ‡KD †bZ„‡Z¡i cÖKvi‡f‡`i Ici ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib ; ‡k‡li c×wZ‡Z `‡ji Ici ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv nq e‡j eZ©gv‡b †bZ„Z¡ we‡k­l†Y GB c×wZB †ewk cÖPwjZ|

†bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv (Definitions of Leadership)                                                                                             

c~‡e©B D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡h, ZvwË¡KMY wbR wbR wek¦v‡mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z †bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| ZvQvov †Kvb GKK msÁv Øviv †bZ„‡Z¡i gZ e¨vcK aviYv‡K e¨³ Kiv hvq bv | GB cUf~wg‡Z wZbwU cÖavb Dcv`vb AZ¨waK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© | h_v :Ô                              

(1)  we‡kl PvwiwÎK I e¨w³MZ ‰ewk‡ó¨i mgv‡ek (gvbyl)

(2)  A‡b¨i ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq Kivi ‡KŠkj (cÖwµqv)  I

(3) msMV‡bi AvbyôvwbK, AbvbyôvwbK I wewfbœ Ae¯’vi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z (Kv‡Ri RwUjZv) Ges msMV‡bi ewn:¯’ cwi‡ek (wm‡÷g) |

‘óMwnj’ †bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv welqK mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K wb‡æv³ K‡qKwU ‡kÖYx‡Z wef³    K‡i‡Qb | G¸‡jv n‡”Q:

(1)   `jMZ cªwµqv wnmv‡e|

(2)   e¨w³MZ ˆewkó¨ wnmv‡e|

(3)  A‡b¨i ¯^xK…wZ  Av`v‡qi †KŠkj wnmv‡e|

(4)   cÖfve we¯—v‡ii Dcvq wnmv‡e|

(5)  Kvh©Kjvc ev AvPiY wnmv‡e|

(6)   A‡b¨i cÖZ¨¶ Dcv`v‡bi ¶gZv wnmv‡e|

(7)  msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi cÖwµqv wnmv‡e|

(8)  cvi¯úvwiK g‡bvfve wewbg‡qi gva¨g wnmv‡e|

(9)   KvR m¤úv`b Kivi D‡`¨v³v wnmv‡e|

KvR I Kv‡bi g‡Z,

ÔÔmsMV‡bi i“wUb wb‡`k©bvi cÖwZ hvwš¿K ¯^xK…wZi D‡aŸ© ‡h AvbyMZ¨ cvIqv hvq †mUvB †bZ…‡Z¡i g~j K_v |ÕÕ wZwb e‡jb,

“It is focused on leadership ability to induce extra effort.”

wjcn¨vg e‡jb,

ÔÔcªkvmK cªavbZ: cªPwjZ wbqg Abyhvqx msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb |ÕÕ

Zvi g‡Z †bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv¸wj cÖavbZ: ¯^we‡ivax | wZwb AviI e‡jb,

“We may define leadership as the initiation of a new structure or procedure for accompli shying an organization’s goals and objectives.”

‡MU‡Rjm gš—e¨ K‡ib,

“AwaKvsk msÁvq †bZv‡K mvgvwRK wm‡÷‡gi bZzb Aeqe cÖeZ©bKvix wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| Avm‡j GUv ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© bq|ÕÕ AviI e‡jb,

“The missing ingredient is the recognition that leadership depends on followership, a function of co-operation or mutuality with the leader rather than forcible domination and coercion by the leader.”

‡Kjx †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb,

“msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ GKv †bZv bq eis `j AR©b K‡i”| G cÖm‡½ wZwb gš—e¨ K‡ib ,

``Leadership is the performance of acts which assist the group in achieving certain ends.”

‡evjm I W¨v‡fb†cvU© D‡j­L K‡ib,

“Leadership is a process not a category behavior, a prerogative of position on personality, not a collectivity of persons.”

‡cwi‡qj e‡j‡Qb,

“Social intelligent and a well contribute man who has the ability to hypnotize a community for the welfare is leader and his contributions is leadership.”

mgvR g‡bvweÁvbx g‡n›`ªKzgvi e‡j‡Qb-

“†bZ…Z¡ n‡”Q AvKvw•LZ GKwU PwiÎ, GKwU j‡¶¨ †cuŠQvi Rb¨ GK gZv‰bK¨ ‡_‡K †h f~wgKv cÖ`vb K‡i”|

‡bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv¸‡jv we‡k­lY K‡i ejv hvq, †bZ„Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv GKwU cÖwµqv †hLv‡b GKRb e¨w³ `‡ji D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b I Kvh© m¤úv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡ib I GwM‡q hvb | Gfv‡e wZwb msMVb‡K wUwK‡q iv‡Lb Ges `j I e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v c~i‡Y msMV‡bi m`m¨MY‡K mnvqZv K‡ib |

Leadership is a complex process by which a person influences others to accomplish a mission, task, or objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. A person carries out this process by applying her leadership attributes (belief, values, ethics, character, knowledge, and skills).

‡bZ…Z¡ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡ (Theory about Leadership)

g¨vK‡MÖMi †bZ…Z¡ wb‡q `ywU ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb | G¸‡jv n‡jv-

‰ewkó¨ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡ (Trait Theory):

G gZev` Abymv‡i †bZvi Rb¥ nq, †bZv ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv |A_©vr Rb¥MZfv‡e wKQy gvbyl we‡kl ˆewk‡ó¨i AwaKvix nq hv Zv‡K †bZv ˆZwi K‡i |

aiY m¤úwK©Z ZË¡ (Style Theory):

G gZev‡` †bZvi AvPi‡Yi Dci ¸i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q | †bZvi †bZ…Z¡ †`qvi ¶gZv I Abymvix‡`I AbymiY Kiv wbf©i K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i ai‡Yi Dci | cÖwZôvb I Zvi D‡Ø‡Mi Kvi‡Y †bZvi AvPiYxq ai‡Yi Dci gZev`wU cÖwZwôZ |

‡bZ…‡Z¡i avuP ev aiY (Styles of Leadership)

†bZv I †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡Î GKwU g~j welq n‡jv ÷vBj ev auvP| wk¶v, i“wP I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡Z¨K †bZv wbR wbR ÷vBj ˆZwi K‡ib| wKš‘ GLv‡b ÷vBj ej‡Z wK eySvq Zv we‡kl ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| ÷vBj ej‡Z †evSvq, H `‡ji m`m¨e„›` †bZv m¤ú‡K© wK fv‡eb Zv| “Senility or Group Training” c×wZ‡Z G wel‡q Avfvm cvIqv hvq|

        †bZ…Z¡‡K gbt¯—vwË¡K †cÖw¶‡Z we‡k­lY Kiv wbùj we‡ePbv K‡i ÔInv‡qv ‡óU BDwbfvwm©wUi Kg©x M‡elYv †evW© Õ 50 Gi `k‡K GK bZyb G¨v‡cÖvP MÖnY K‡i| bZzb G¨v‡cÖv‡P Zviv PvwiwÎK ˆewk†ó¨i Ici †_‡K `„wó mwi‡q †bZvi AvPi‡Yi w`‡K `„wó cÖ`vb K‡i| GK eQ‡i GB Avw½‡K 30wUiI †ewk M‡elYv cwiPvwjZ nq| GB M‡elYvi eni ‡_‡K GB c×wZi RbwcÖqZv m¤^‡Ü GKwU aviYv Kiv hvq|

†bZv n‡jv e¨w³ Avi ‡bZ…Z Zvi ¸Yvejx | ‡bZ…Z¡ g~jZt †bZvi ¸Yvejxi ewntcªKvk | Avi GB ¸Yvejxi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Ges Zvi Kv‡Ri aiY †_‡K ‡bZ…Z¡ KZ cªKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i Zv wbiƒcY Kiv nq|

G‡¶‡Î cÖvmw½K welq¸wj n‡”Q -

(K) ‡bZvi e¨w³Z¡,

(L) msMV‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨,

(M) m`m¨‡`i e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v I cÖZ¨vkv  Ges

(N) `‡ji MVb KvVv‡gv I Ae¯’vb|

There is no denying the fact, that there is no single best way to lead and inspire in the field of education. Each educator, as well as schools, view leadership strategies differently, as certain situations, features and actions seem far more favorable than others at different levels and times. Broadly, three strategies that can also be summed as types of leadership styles in education are used individually or as a versatile combination. They are hierarchical, transformational and facilitative.

G †_‡K, M‡elKMY †bZ…Z¡‡K cÖavbZ: wZbwU †kÖYx‡Z wef³ K‡i‡Q| h_v :

K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZ„Z¡ (Carismatic leadership):

K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZv Zv‡`i ejv nq hviv mnRvZ ¶gZv, ¸Yvejx I PwiÎMZ ˆewkó¨ wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zviv †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq meiKg ¸‡Yi AwaKvix| GB avibvi AbymvixMY wek¦vm K‡ib †h, †bZv, †bZv n‡qB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| c~‡e©B Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, GB ¸Yvejx ev Ògnr‡jvK w_IixÕÕ gbt¯—vwË¡K a¨vb-aviYv †_‡K D™¢~Z| gbt¯—vwË¡K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K ejv nq, †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi ¶gZv cÖavbZ PvwiwÎK ˆewk‡ó¨i Ici iwPZ| Rb¥MZ †bZ…e„›` †bZv wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvb KviY D”Pvkv, ˆah©kxj, AvZ¥wfgvb, b¤ªZv, eÜymyjf g‡bvfve, wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv, mnbkxjZv I RbwcªqZv, KvR Kwi‡q †bqvi ¶gZv BZ¨vw` e¨w³MZ ¸Yvejx Zv‡`i mnRvZ |

†K‡b‡RwfP K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZ„Z¡‡KB Ôsymbolic’ ‡bZv wn‡m‡e bvg w`‡q‡Qb | G †kÖYxi †bZvi D`vniY wn‡m‡e †Rvqvb Ae AvK©, †jwbb, Bw›`ivMvÜx, †kL gywReyi ingvb cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡j­L Kiv hvq | G kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡aŸ© Ugvm KvijvBj e‡jb, ÔÔgnvgvbe Z‡Ë¡ `vex Kiv nq †h c„w_exi DbœwZi BwZnvm‡K ¸wU K‡qK gnv gvb‡ei DbœwZi BwZnvm ejv hvq|ÕÕ

AvbyôvwbK I cwi‡ekMZ †bZ„Z¡ (Formal & Environmental leadership):

`‡ji mvs¯‹…wZK ‡cÖ¶vc‡Ui AbyK~j c`, MyYvejx ,`¶Zv I ‰ewkó¨ AR©b K‡i `‡ji AvbyôvwbK †bZ„‡Z¡i c‡` AwawôZ nIqv hvq| Gfv‡e ivRv, `jcwZ, †kL BZ¨vw` Rb¥m~‡Î ‡bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib | hw`I ¯§iY ivLv cª‡qvRb †h, ivRv ev `jcwZ‡K H c‡`i Dchy³ ¸Yvejx I `¶Zv AvniY Ki‡Z nq| GLv‡bB K¨vwiRg¨vwUK ‡bZvi mv‡_ AvbyôvwbK †bZvi cv_©K¨| AvbyôvwbK †bZv‡K c‡`i Dchy³ n‡Z nq Ab¨w`‡K K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZv Hme Dchy³Zvmn Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G QvovI K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZv me©cÖKvi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z †bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z m¶g wKš‘ AvbyôvwbK †bZv Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b NU‡j Avi ‡bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z m¶g nb bv |

Kvh©Ki ‡bZ„Z¡ (Effective leadership):

msMV†bi ev `‡ji wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq we‡kl †KŠkjMZ, cÖhyw³MZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK ¸Yvejxi AwaKvix e¨w³ wn‡m‡e cÖkvm‡Ki Ici `‡ji Kvh©Ki ‡bZ…Z¡ Pvwc‡q †`qv nq | GB †kÖYxi ‡bZ…Z¡ cÖavbZ `‡ji cÖZ¨vkv Av`vb-cÖ`vb I D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi wfwˇZ iwPZ| mvaviYZ mg‡hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ e¨w³‡`i ga¨ †_‡K GB †kÖYxi †bZv g‡bvbxZ, wbhy³ A_ev evQvB Kiv nq | hy‡Mvc‡hvMx KZ„©‡Z¡i aviYv Kvh©Ki KZ©„‡Z¡i aviYviB Abyi~c| wk¶v cÖkvm‡b Kvh©Ki †bZ„Z¡ me©vwaK m½Z I cÖvmw½K| we‡kl cwi‡e‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cvi¯úwiK Av`vb-cÖ`vb I cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Kvh©Ki ‡bZ„‡Z¡i eY©bv †`qv hvq|

 

GQvovI wewfbœ M‡elYvi gva¨‡g †bZ…‡Z¡i wewfbœ aiY wPwýZ Kiv nq | wb‡æ G¸‡jvi eY©bv †`qv n‡jv :-

ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K ‡bZ…Z¡ (Autocratic or Dictatorial leadership):

GwU ‡bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vB‡ji cwigvcK h‡š¿i me©‡kl we›`y | GLv‡b Abymvix‡`i myweav I Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Av‡`k, wb‡`©k, wb‡lavÁv, ej cÖ‡qvM, kvw¯— cÖ`vb cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g KvR Av`vq Kiv nq | Pig ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡ †bZv wb‡R‡K me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix g‡b K‡ib Ges GKvB me©cÖKvi cÖkvmwbK wm×vš— MÖnY K‡ib| Gi g~jbxwZ nj-GK `j, GK †bZv, GK K_v| D`vniY wn‡m‡e †ewbZ gy‡mvwjwb, wnUjvi, evsjv‡`‡ki †jt ‡Rt †nvt gyt Gikv` cÖg~‡Li bvg D‡j­L Kiv hvq |

MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ (Democratic leadership):

GLv‡b ¯^vaxbfv‡e e¨w³i gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K| RbMYB mKj ¶gZvi AwaKvix, †bZv Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa gvÎ | G m¤ú‡K© Rb Aveªvnvg wj¼b e‡jb, ÒDemocracy is the government, of the people, for the people & by the people.’’ GLv‡b Abymvix‡`i cÖwZ bgbxq g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡I cÖksmv I †cÖlYvg~jK cyi¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g Kv‡R Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv nq |

AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡ (Bureaucratic leadership):

g¨vK‡MÖMi AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡i Dci †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb | G ai‡Yi †bZ…‡Z¡ bxwZ I c×wZ c~e© †_‡KB wba©viY Kiv _v‡K Ges miKvwi Avgjv‡`i Øviv Gme bxwZ I c×wZ ev¯—evwqZ nq | AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZv c`vwaKvi e‡j ‡bZ…Z¡ K‡ib Ges cÖkvm‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z _v‡Kb | Zviv AZ¨š— `„pfv‡e †RvovgB-wkKj (Chain of command) AbymiY K‡ib | HwZn¨MZfv‡e AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZviv ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K, MYZvwš¿K I Aeva †bZ…‡Z¡i GK wgkªiƒc cÖ‡qvM K‡ib |

ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡ (Political leadership):

G †bZ…Z¡ GK`j e¨w³‡K AvK…ó K‡i a‡i iv‡L Ges †bZv Zvi B‡”QgZ Zv‡`i‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib | Avi e¨w³eM© †bZvi Av`‡k©i Abymvix nq |

D`vi‰bwZK ev gy³ ev Aeva †bZ…Z¡ (Liberal leadership):

G ai‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ †bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vB‡ji Aci †giy‡Z Aew¯’Z | GwU `‡ji m`m¨w`M‡K Acvi m¦vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i Ges msMV‡bi my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ `jMZ Av‡jvPbv I wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i | G‡Z †bZv †Kvb Kg©x‡K wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i bv | G †kªYxi †bZv wewfbœ Kg©xi g‡a¨ mgš^qKvix wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i |

wcZ…er †bZ„Z¡ (Fatherlike leadership):

wcZ…er †bZvMY Aeva ¯^vaxbZv, ˆm¦iZvwš¿K ev MYZvwš¿K †h †Kvb ÷vBj AbymiY K‡ib | MvÜx ev †Rvqvb Ae Av‡K©i b¨vq Abb¨ mvaviY †bZ„Z¡ c„w_ex‡Z mwZ¨B `yj©f | ïay wk¶v cÖkvmK †Kb, †h †Kvb msMV‡bi ‡bZvivB Pwi‡Îi GB `yj©f hv`ygš¿ I Pwi‡Îi Aš—j©xb Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³ aviY K‡ib | Z‡e GB g‡bvfve †bZvi ch©‡e¶Y ¶gZv‡K msKxY© K‡i †`q | wk¶Ke„›` cÖavb wk¶‡Ki cÖwZ AbyMZ n‡eb Ges Av‡`k †g‡b Pj‡eb, GB aviYvi ek©eZ©x n‡q cÖkvmb KvR K‡i|

cÖfyZ¡g~jK †bZ…Z¡ (Administrative leadership):

G ai‡Yi †bZ…‡Z¡ mvaviYZ †Kvb KvR †Rvic~e©K Kiv‡bv nq Ges KvRwU mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ bv n‡j kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kiv nq| d‡j e¨w³ †bZv‡K fq cvq Ges Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j | GLv‡b, cÖf~ Avi f„Z¨g~jK m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq |

bxwZ cÖYqYKvix ‡bZ…Z¡ (Policy making leadership):

G ai‡Yi †bZv ivóª KZ…©K wba©viY Kiv nq hviv †Kvb bxwZ wba©viY ev cÖYqY K‡i _v‡Kb| Giv mgv‡Ri D”Pc`¯’ I MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© | †hgb- msm`xq ¯’vqx KwgwU, wewfbœ wk¶v KwgwU BZ¨vw`|

Hk¦wiK †bZ…Z¡ (Worship leadership):

G †bZ…‡Z¡ Ck¦i KZ…©K †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvejx Rb¥ †_‡KB we`¨gvb _v‡K | g~jZt GwU K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZ…‡Z¡i mv`„k¨ | weavZvKZ…©K gZev`- Giv ¶YRb¥v | †hgb-†Rvqvb Ae AvK©, †jwbb, Bw›`ivMvÜx, †kL gywReyi ingvb cÖgyL |

wec­ex ev mgvR ms¯‹viK †bZ…Z¡ (Social reformer leadership):

G ai‡Yi †bZv mgv‡Ri bvbvwea ms¯‹vi mva‡bi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ wec­‡ei Avnevb K‡ib Ges †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb | ‡hgb- ‡jwbb, ÷vwjb, †P ¸‡qfviv, ˆPwbK †bZv Ksdzwmqvm cÖgyL |

cÖZxKag©x †bZ…Z¡ (Symbolic leadership):

G ai‡Yi †bZv cÖZxwKiƒ‡c we`¨gvb _v‡K | wZwb bvggvÎ cÖkvmwbK cÖavb n‡q _v‡Kb | †hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U, †MÖUweª‡U‡bi ivRv-ivbx |

we‡klÁ †bZ…Z¡ (Specialist leadership):

G ai‡Yi †bZv †Kvb GKwU we‡kl wel‡q AwfÁ ev cvi`k©x n‡q _v‡Kb | D³ wel‡q Zvi Ávb, `¶Zv I AwfÁZv †ewk nq e‡j mn‡R mdjZv AR©‡b Ges Ab¨‡K AvK…ó Ki‡Z m¶g nb|

ag©xq †bZ…Z¡ (Religious leadership):

                   G ai‡Yi †bZv wbR wbR a‡g©i Abymvix n‡q _v‡Kb | Zuviv wbR a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i‡KB ag©xq wel‡q mwVK w`K&-wb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡Kb | †hgb- wLª÷vb‡`i m‡e©v”P ag©xq ¸i“-‡cvc |

DcwiD³ ‡bZ…‡Z¡i wewfbœ auv‡P ‡bZv wb‡æv³ AvPiYgvjvi ga¨ †_‡K †h †Kvb cš’v‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib| AvPiYgvjv¸wj wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv | h_v:

·        ¶gZv :

‡bZv wewfbœ Drm †_‡K ¶gZv AvniY Ki‡Z cv‡ib | we`¨vj‡qi †¶‡Î cÖavb wk¶‡Ki c‡`i KZ©„Z¡ I ¶gZv cÖvqB wk¶K‡`i ¯^xK…wZ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ h‡_ó |

·        `iKlvKwl :

GLv‡b †`qv †bqvi cÖwµqv †`Lv hvq | G Abymv‡i a‡i †bqv nq †h, cÖavb wk¶‡Ki ‡bZ…Z¡ ¯^xKvi Kivi wewbg‡q wk¶KMY wKQzUv AvZ¥Zzwó cvevi Avkv K‡ib |

·        cvi¯úwiK cš’v :

GwU †bZv I `j msMV‡bi Rb¨ GKB D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY K‡i _v‡K | ‡bZv I `‡ji GB we¯§qKi wgj I m½wZ, `‡ji cÖfveY kw³i e¨envi bvKP K‡i †`q |

e¯‘Ztc‡¶ †bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vBj ev avuP welqwU AwZ RwUj | Gi mv‡_ Ic‡i wea„Z AwZgvÎvq mijxK…Z ZvwjKvi wgj Luy‡R bvI cvIqv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Zey GK_v ¯§iY ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, ‡bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vBj †bZvi Rb¨ AwZ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© | †¯^”QvK…Zfv‡e GKvw`µ‡g †bZv cvwicvwk¦©KZv, `j I wbR e¨w³‡Z¡i wbix‡L ÷vB‡ji KZUzKy cwieZ©b mvab Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb Zvi Ic‡i wbf©i Ki‡e Zvi mvdj¨ ev civRq | eZ©gvb Kv‡ji ‡Kvb †bZvB m¤¢eZt ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K †bZv wn‡m‡e Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z Pv‡eb bv| cÖK„Zc‡¶ cÖkvm‡Ki Ae¯’v †h †Kvb AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZvi mgZzj¨ | KZUv mdjZv I `¶Zvi mv‡_ wZwb GB me auv‡Pi mv‡_ Ae¯’v, `j I wbR e¨w³‡Z¡i mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z m¶g Zvi Ic‡i wbf©i K‡i we`¨vjq cÖkvm‡Ki mvdj¨ |

Z‡e ‡bZ…‡Z¡i aiY †hgbB †nvK bv †Kb GKRb mdj †bZv wn‡m‡e ‡bZ…‡Z¡i wbæwjwLZ ¸Yvejxmg~n _vKv evÃbxq-

‡gvnbxq e¨w³Z¡                             ‡hvMv‡hvM †KŠkj

                   my`~icÖmvix Kíbvkw³                      cig‡Zi cÖwZ kª×vkxj

                   mvwe©K `vq-`vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi gvbwmKZv    bgbxq g‡bvfve

kvixwiK my¯’Zv                              mn‡hvwMZvg~jK g‡bvfve

mvnm I D`¨g                                         cÖkvmwbK I mvsMVwbK ¶gZv

AvZ¥wbqš¿Y I mshgkxjZv                wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv

AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbv                              gvbePwiÎ Abyave‡bi ¶gZv

b¨vqcivqYZv                                ekxf~ZKiY ¶gZv

mgqvbyewZ©Zv                                wePvi-we‡ePbv ¶gZv

Aa¨emvq                                     we‡k­lYx ¶gZv

eÜz cÖwZgZv                                  fvimvg¨ i¶vi ¶gZv

Avš—wiKZv                                  mswk­ó Kvh©welq m¤ú‡K© Ávb

AbymwÜrmy                                    mvaviY Ávb

D”Pvwfjvm                                   cwi‡ek I msMVb m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv

m„RbkxjZv                                  mvwe©K aviYv

Dc‡ivwj­wLZ ¸Yvejxi me¸‡jv GKRb †bZv ev cÖkvm‡Ki Rxe‡b KL‡bv _v‡K bv | ZeyI hw` Gme ¸Yvejxi wKQy GKRb †bZvi Pwi‡Î mgv‡ek N‡U, Z‡e Zv‡K mdj cÖkvmK ejv P‡j | Avi gvby‡li mvwe©K Kj¨vY, kvwš—, mg„w× I mgv‡R k„•Ljv Avbvq‡bi Rb¨ Ggb Ggb GKRb †bZvi Acwimxg |

Good leaders are made, not born. If anyone has the desire and willpower, he/she may become an effective leader. Good leaders develop through a never-ending process of self-study, education, training, and experience.