‡bZv I †bZ„Z¡
(Leader & leadership)
hyMhyM a‡i †bZ„‡Z¡i aviYv gvby‡li Kíbv I gb‡K Awff~Z K‡i
†i‡L‡Q | †`Lv hvq, gvbe BwZnvm I AwfÁZvi
we¯—„Z Ask Ry‡o i‡q‡Q †bZv I ivR-ivRv‡`i weeiY | †bZv m¤úwK©Z mKj wkí, mvwnZ¨ I
cvwÛZ¨c~Y© iPbv GKwÎZ Ki‡j GK wekvj
K‡jei avib Ki‡e |GB wekvj iPbvi AwaKvsk Ry‡o i‡q‡Q Ríbv-Kíbv I ‡jvK-mvwn‡Z¨i
Ávb | gbt¯—Ë¡ I mgvRweÁv‡bi D™¢‡ei mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q †bZ…Z¡ m¤ú‡K© ˆeÁvwbK avibv
I e¨vL¨vi m~ÎvcvZ n‡q‡Q gvÎ Aa©-kZvãxKvj †_‡K |
‡bZ…‡Z¡i A_© I aviYv (Meaning & Concept of Leadership)
†bZ„‡Z¡i aviYv cÖK„Zc‡¶ eûgyLx Ges inm¨, Kíbv, Ávb, bxwZgvjv
I AjxK wPš—vgwÛZ | †bZ„Z¡ wel‡q GB ai‡bi wef&ªvwš— j¶¨ K‡i ‘wjcn¨vg’ gš—e¨ K‡ib,
“In much of the literature the myth is
perpetuated that leadership is unitary in nature. Hence one tries to it,
describe it, capture it, exercise it, rate it, measure it and above all
correlate and predict it”.
†bZ„‡Z¡i AvwfavwbK
A_© cwiPvjbv Kiv ev cÖ`©kb Kiv | GwU A‡bKLvwb gbt¯—vwË¡K aviYv| G‡¶‡Î AvK…ó
Kiv, AbycÖvwYZ Kiv, D¾xweZ Kiv Ges ¯^Ztù‚Z©Zvi fvegÛj †bZ„‡Z¡i mv‡_ IZ‡cÖvZfv‡e
RwoZ, kw³ cÖ‡qvM bq | A_©vr j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ mswkó e¨w³i AvPiY cÖfvweZ Kivi
`¶ZvB n‡jv †bZ…Z¡ | mvgwMÖK A‡_© †bZ…Z¡ n‡jv Ggb GK cÖwµqv, hvi gva¨‡g GKRb
e¨w³ wb‡`©kbv, civgk© I ‡KŠkj Øviv wbqš¿Y ev AvPvi-AvPiY I g‡bvfv‡ei Dci cÖfve
we¯—vi K‡i |
‡bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klY (Analysis of Leadership)
I‡qÝ gš—e¨ K‡ib †h, `xN© w`‡bi `vk©wbK gZev`, Ríbv-Kíbv I
M‡elYvi d‡j aviYv Kiv nq †KejgvÎ Rb¥MZfv‡e we‡kl ¸Yvejx f~wlZ e¨w³MY †bZvi
f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z m¶g| mvaviYfv‡e gvbyl wek¦vm K‡i †h Ávb, Kíbvkw³, ‰ah¨©, mnbkxjZv
Ges gvbwmKfv‡e myw¯’i Pwi‡Îi e¨w³MY †bZv c`gh©v`v†hvM¨| GB aviYvq Av‡iv `vex
Kiv nq ‡h, Gme ¸Yvejxm¤úbœ Abb¨ mvaviY cªwZfvai e¨w³‡`i‡K †bZ…Z¡ cª`v‡bi Rb¨
wPwýZ Ki‡Z n‡e |
gbt¯—Ë¡ I gbt¯—vwË¡K M‡elYv c×wZ cÖeZ©‡bi mgq ‡_‡K †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡ÎI
eû gbt¯—vwË¡K M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv n‡”Q | GB M‡elYvq cÖavbZ mdj †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_
RwoZ ¸Yvejx wPwýZKiY Ges Hme ¸Yvejxi mwVK cwigvc Kivi cÖ‡Póv Kiv nq | Z‡e GB
wel‡qi e¨vcK ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i GB hyw³i ¯^c‡¶ Lye †ewk cÖgvY msMÖn Kiv hvqwb |
M‡elKMY †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ RwoZ I mshy³ ¸Yvejxi `xN© ZvwjKv cÖYqY K‡i‡Qb | wKš—y
Zviv Gme ¸Yvejxi †Kvb¸‡jv †Kvb ai‡Yi ‡bZ…‡Z¡i cwiw¯’wZi Rb¨ Dchy³ Zvi mwVK
e¨vL¨v w`‡Z cv‡ibwb | ZvQvov e¨w³MZ PvwiwÎK ¸Yvejx mwVKfv‡e cwigv‡ci Amyweavi
Kvi‡Y †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ Dchy³ ¸Yvejxi mwVK wgkÖY GL‡bv †ei Kiv m¤¢e nqwb |
‡bZ…Z¡ cÖ‡qvM Kiv nq `‡ji AvIZvq Ges ¯^vfvweKfv‡eB †bZv Zvi
`‡ji mn‡hvwMZvq Kvh©Ki f~wgKv iv‡Lb | `j I †bZvi cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© wnmv‡e †bZ…Z¡‡K
Ae‡jvKb K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i GB we¯§qKi w`K m¤ú‡K© eû mgvRZvwË¡K M‡elYv cwiPvjbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q | GB Avw½‡K mev©‡c¶v ¸i“Z¡c~Y© welqwU n‡”Q, cÖwZwU `j GKwU AciwU †_‡K
Avjv`v | ‡nwùj
GB wel‡q M‡elYvi d‡j cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib †h, wewfbœ `j AvKvi, mgmË¡v, bgbxqZv I
¯’vwq‡Z¡i ˆewkó¨ Ô`Viscidity hedonic tone’’ ‡bZ…‡Z¡i
mv‡_ mshy³ e‡j g‡b K‡ib | GLv‡b ‘Viscidity’
Øviv `‡ji m`m¨‡`i g‡a¨ GKvZ¥‡eva
Ges `Hedonic
tone` Øviv
m`m¨ wn‡m‡e †h Avb›` cvIqv hvq Zv‡KB †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q |
óMwnj †bZ„‡Z¡i gbt¯—vwË¡K we‡kl‡Yi Rb¨ 124wU mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv
K‡ib| gbt¯—vwË¡K we‡kl‡Y †bZ„‡Z¡i mv‡_ mshy³ ¸Yvejx‡K †K›`ªwe›`y wn‡m‡e we‡klY
Kiv nq | Aciw`‡K mgvRZvwË¡K M‡elYvq cvwicvwk¦©K Ae¯’vi Ici ¸i“Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i †bZ„‡Z¡i
we‡kl‡Yi cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb nq | GK`j GB wØg~Lx ¸Yvejxi Ges Av‡iK`j cwi‡e‡ki Ici ¸i“Z¡
cÖ`vb K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡kl‡Y mvdj¨ jvf Kiv hv‡e e‡j `vex K‡ib | GB weZK© wKQyw`b
Av‡MKvi cÖK…wZev` I cwi‡ekev‡`i mgZzj¨ | GB wbùj weZK© Gov‡bvi j‡¶¨ AvPiYev`xMY
†bZ…Z¡‡K AvPiY Øviv we‡klY Kivi civgk© †`b |
mbvZb msMVbZ‡Ë¡i aviYvq `vex Kiv nq, †bZv msMV‡bi kxl© ¯—‡i
Aew¯’Z | ZvQvov wZwb Zvi Abymvix‡`i Zzjbvq mnRvZ gbt¯—vwË¡K Hk¦‡h© gwngvwš^Z |
Giv `vex K‡ib, ‡bZv, †bZv n‡qB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib | Zviv Av‡iv g‡b K‡ib †bZv ˆZwi Kiv
hvq bv |
mvgvwRK wm‡÷g Z‡Ë¡i †cÖw¶‡Z ‡bZ„‡Z¡i Av‡iv `yÕwU g‡bvfve M‡o
IVvq G wel‡q aviYv m¤úªmvwiZ I mg„× n‡q‡Q | cÖ_gwUi e³e¨ “†bZvnxb `jÓ Ges wØZxqwUi e³e¨ ÔÔAvbyôvwbK
msMV‡bi c`vwaKvixi †bZ„Z¡ÕÕ | cÖ_gwU‡Z AbvbyôvwbK `‡ji ga¨ n‡Z ‰Zwi
†bZ„‡Z¡i we‡klY Kiv nq | G ai‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ e¨w³ A‡c¶v cvwicvwk¦©KZv I cwi‡e‡ki
Ici c&ªwZwôZ | mg‡qi Pvwn`vi Av‡jv‡K we‡klY Kivi `vex K‡ib Dc‡iv³ g‡Zi
cÖe³vMY | hviv we`¨vjq‡K GKwU AbvbyôvwbK ¶gZvi AvKi e‡j g‡b K‡ib ZvivB GB
aviYvq wek¦vmx | Ab¨ `„wófw½‡Z †bZ…Z¡ msMV‡bi AvbyôvwbK c‡`i Dchy³ mv_©K ÷vB‡j
iwPZ e‡j `vex Kiv nq | G ai‡Yi †bZv msMVb Pvjy ivLv I msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡b
AwaKZi AvMÖnx|
Db¥y³ wm‡÷g Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jv‡K †bZ„‡Z¡i `ywU m¤¢ve¨ e¨vL¨v cÖ`vb
Kiv nq | cÖ_gwU‡Z †bZ„Z¡‡K ÔKbwUb‡RwÝ ev
Avbylw½KZviÕ †cÖw¶‡Z Ges wØZxqwU‡Z †bZ„Z¡‡K ÔcwiKíbv I mgš^q cÖwµqv Õ wnmv‡e cÖZ¨¶ Kiv nq | cÖ_g Z‡Ë¡ D”Pgv‡bi `¶Zv
I Z…wßen †bZ„‡Z¡i auvP ev ÷vBj wPwýZ Kivi D‡`¨vM †bqv nq | msMV‡bi KvVv‡gvMZ
cv_©‡K¨i d‡j †bZ„‡Z¡i `¶Zv cªfvweZ nq | G ai‡Yi cvwicvwk©¦©K ev wmPz‡qkbvj
Dcv`vb h_v Kv‡Ri gvÎv, ‡bZvi `¶Zv, ‡bZvi mv‡_ `‡ji m¤úK© I cwi‡ekMZ Akvwš—
BZ¨vw` Øviv †bZvi mvdj¨ wba©vwiZ nq |
wKš‘ Db¥y³ wm‡÷g e¨e¯’vq ÔcwiKíbv I mgš^q mva‡biÕ f~wgKvq ‡bZ„Z¡ we‡klY KivUv we‡kl dj`vqK
nqwb | GB †cªw¶‡Z n¨vbmb e‡jb, ``The
leader steps out of a role of exercising control directly over events and into
a role of planning and shaping the internal environments of the .’’
†bZ„Z¡ we‡kl‡Yi wewfbœ `„wófw½ Av‡iv Dcjw×i Rb¨ cwÛZMY
wKfv‡e †bZ„Z¡‡K msÁvwqZ K‡i‡Qb Zv cÖZ¨¶ Kiv hvq | wewfbœ M‡elK wbR wbR cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
‡bZ„Z¡‡K wfbœ wfbœ Avevi KL‡bv ev Awfbœ Avw½‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡ib | DBwjqvg †kK&¯úxqvi Zvi “Mid summer night’s dream” bvU‡K
†bZ…Z¡‡K we‡klY K‡i e‡jb,
“Some are born great; some achieve
greatness; and others have greatness thrust upon them.”
Gi
mv‡_ Aci GKRb mgvRZZ¡we` gš—e¨ K‡ib, “……not a few marry into it.”
GQvov G cÖm‡½ ‡Póvi evb©vW© Ges ievU©
Uv‡bbe‡gi D×…wZ j¶¨Yxq |
evb©v‡Wi g‡Z,
“The democratic process…..depends upon
leaders strong enough to maintain their ambition under its perplexities.
patient to endure its restraints, proud to be foremost among the few; humbly
loyal to the humble; wise enough to speak service above the illusions of power
and the fatalities of fame; willing to be briefly spent in the long span of
marching events.”
Uv‡bbeg cÖgyL †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb,
“We define leadership as interpersonal
influence, exercised in a situation and directed, through the communication
process, toward the attainment of a specified goal or goals.”
GLv‡b, evb©vW©
hLb †bZ…Z¡‡K e¨w³MZ ˆewk‡ói (¸Yvejx , K¨vwiRgv gnvbyfeZv) Av‡jv‡K cÖZ¨¶ K‡i‡Qb,
Uv‡bbeg ZLb cwiw¯’wZ wfwËK †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g
cvi¯úwiK cªfveK wn‡m‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klY K‡ib | GB MÖ‡š’ wØZxq gZev` A_©vr
†bZ…Z¡‡K GK ev GKvwaK e¨w³i Øviv ÁvbZt `‡ji Ab¨vb¨ m`m¨‡`i AvPi‡Yi wbqš¿K I
cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q | GB `k©b n‡Z Aci `yBwU Abygvb ¯^vfvweKfv‡e
DwÌZ nq| cÖ_gZt †bZZ¡ cÖ‡qv‡Mi Ae¯’v Ges cªfve e¨vL¨v bv K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i we‡klY
Kiv hvq bv| wØZxqZt †bZ„‡Z¡i f~wgKvq †bZvi PvwiwÎK ˆewkó¨ Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi Ab¨Zg
GKwU we‡kl w`K gvÎ|
AZGe
Ic‡ii Av‡jvPbv †_‡K †`Lv hvq, †bZ„‡Z¡i cvwÊZ¨c~Y© we‡klY cÖavbZ `yB wkwe‡i
wef³| h_v :
·
mvgvwRK gbt¯—vwË¡K we‡klY (K¨vwiRg¨vwUK I AvaywbK)
·
Kvh©Ki I †KŠkjMZ we‡klY (Kvh©Ki)
Gfv‡e
‡KD †bZ„‡Z¡i cÖKvi‡f‡`i Ici ¸i“Z¡ Av‡ivc K‡ib ; ‡k‡li c×wZ‡Z `‡ji Ici ¸i“Z¡
cÖ`vb Kiv nq e‡j eZ©gv‡b †bZ„Z¡ we‡kl†Y GB c×wZB †ewk cÖPwjZ|
†bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv (Definitions of Leadership)
c~‡e©B D‡jL Kiv n‡q‡Q ‡h, ZvwË¡KMY wbR wbR wek¦v‡mi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
†bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| ZvQvov †Kvb GKK msÁv Øviv †bZ„‡Z¡i gZ e¨vcK aviYv‡K
e¨³ Kiv hvq bv | GB cUf~wg‡Z wZbwU
cÖavb Dcv`vb AZ¨waK ¸i“Z¡c~Y© | h_v :Ô
(1) we‡kl PvwiwÎK I e¨w³MZ ‰ewk‡ó¨i mgv‡ek (gvbyl)
(2) A‡b¨i ¯^xK…wZ Av`vq Kivi ‡KŠkj (cÖwµqv) I
(3) msMV‡bi AvbyôvwbK, AbvbyôvwbK I wewfbœ Ae¯’vi cwi‡cªw¶‡Z (Kv‡Ri RwUjZv) Ges msMV‡bi ewn:¯’ cwi‡ek
(wm‡÷g) |
‘óMwnj’ †bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv
welqK mvwnZ¨ ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i †m¸‡jv‡K wb‡æv³ K‡qKwU ‡kÖYx‡Z wef³ K‡i‡Qb | G¸‡jv n‡”Q:
(1) `jMZ cªwµqv wnmv‡e|
(2) e¨w³MZ ˆewkó¨ wnmv‡e|
(3) A‡b¨i ¯^xK…wZ Av`v‡qi †KŠkj wnmv‡e|
(4) cÖfve we¯—v‡ii Dcvq
wnmv‡e|
(5) Kvh©Kjvc ev AvPiY
wnmv‡e|
(6) A‡b¨i cÖZ¨¶ Dcv`v‡bi ¶gZv
wnmv‡e|
(7) msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©‡bi
cÖwµqv wnmv‡e|
(8) cvi¯úvwiK g‡bvfve
wewbg‡qi gva¨g wnmv‡e|
(9) KvR m¤úv`b Kivi D‡`¨v³v
wnmv‡e|
KvR I Kv‡bi g‡Z,
ÔÔmsMV‡bi i“wUb wb‡`k©bvi cÖwZ hvwš¿K ¯^xK…wZi D‡aŸ© ‡h
AvbyMZ¨ cvIqv hvq †mUvB †bZ…‡Z¡i g~j K_v |ÕÕ wZwb
e‡jb,
“It
is focused on leadership ability to induce extra effort.”
wjcn¨vg e‡jb,
ÔÔcªkvmK cªavbZ: cªPwjZ wbqg Abyhvqx msMV‡bi D‡Ïk¨ AR©b Ki‡Z
cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb |ÕÕ
Zvi g‡Z †bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv¸wj
cÖavbZ: ¯^we‡ivax | wZwb AviI e‡jb,
“We
may define leadership as the initiation of a new structure or procedure for
accompli shying an organization’s goals and objectives.”
‡MU‡Rjm gš—e¨ K‡ib,
“AwaKvsk msÁvq †bZv‡K mvgvwRK wm‡÷‡gi
bZzb Aeqe cÖeZ©bKvix wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| Avm‡j GUv ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© bq|ÕÕ AviI e‡jb,
“The missing ingredient is the
recognition that leadership depends on followership, a function of co-operation
or mutuality with the leader rather than forcible domination and coercion by
the leader.”
‡Kjx †Rvi w`‡q e‡jb,
“msMV‡bi
D‡Ïk¨ GKv †bZv bq eis `j AR©b K‡i”| G cÖm‡½ wZwb gš—e¨ K‡ib ,
``Leadership is the performance of acts
which assist the group in achieving certain ends.”
‡evjm I W¨v‡fb†cvU© D‡jL K‡ib,
“Leadership is a process not a category behavior,
a prerogative of position on personality, not a collectivity of persons.”
‡cwi‡qj e‡j‡Qb,
“Social
intelligent and a well contribute man who has the ability to hypnotize a
community for the welfare is leader and his contributions is leadership.”
mgvR g‡bvweÁvbx g‡n›`ªKzgvi e‡j‡Qb-
“†bZ…Z¡ n‡”Q AvKvw•LZ GKwU PwiÎ, GKwU
j‡¶¨ †cuŠQvi Rb¨ GK gZv‰bK¨ ‡_‡K †h f~wgKv cÖ`vb K‡i”|
‡bZ„‡Z¡i msÁv¸‡jv
we‡klY K‡i ejv hvq, †bZ„Z¡ cÖ`vb Kiv GKwU cÖwµqv †hLv‡b GKRb e¨w³ `‡ji D‡Ïk¨
AR©‡b I Kvh© m¤úv`‡b mvnvh¨ K‡ib I GwM‡q hvb | Gfv‡e wZwb msMVb‡K wUwK‡q iv‡Lb
Ges `j I e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v c~i‡Y msMV‡bi m`m¨MY‡K mnvqZv K‡ib |
Leadership is a complex process by which a person influences others to
accomplish a mission, task, or objective and directs the organization in a way
that makes it more cohesive and coherent. A person carries out this process by
applying her leadership attributes (belief, values, ethics, character,
knowledge, and skills).
‡bZ…Z¡ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡ (Theory about Leadership)
g¨vK‡MÖMi †bZ…Z¡ wb‡q `ywU ZË¡ cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb | G¸‡jv n‡jv-
‰ewkó¨ m¤úwK©Z ZË¡ (Trait Theory):
G gZev` Abymv‡i †bZvi Rb¥ nq, †bZv ˆZwi Kiv hvq bv |A_©vr
Rb¥MZfv‡e wKQy gvbyl we‡kl ˆewk‡ó¨i AwaKvix nq hv Zv‡K †bZv ˆZwi K‡i |
aiY m¤úwK©Z ZË¡ (Style Theory):
G gZev‡` †bZvi AvPi‡Yi Dci ¸i“Z¡ †`qv n‡q‡Q | †bZvi †bZ…Z¡
†`qvi ¶gZv I Abymvix‡`I AbymiY Kiv wbf©i K‡i †bZ…‡Z¡i ai‡Yi Dci | cÖwZôvb I Zvi
D‡Ø‡Mi Kvi‡Y †bZvi AvPiYxq ai‡Yi Dci gZev`wU cÖwZwôZ |
‡bZ…‡Z¡i avuP ev aiY (Styles of Leadership)
†bZv I †bZ…‡Z¡i †¶‡Î GKwU g~j welq n‡jv ÷vBj ev auvP| wk¶v,
i“wP I AwfÁZvi Av‡jv‡K cÖ‡Z¨K †bZv wbR wbR ÷vBj ˆZwi K‡ib| wKš‘ GLv‡b ÷vBj ej‡Z
wK eySvq Zv we‡kl ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| ÷vBj ej‡Z †evSvq, H `‡ji m`m¨e„›` †bZv m¤ú‡K© wK
fv‡eb Zv| “Senility
or Group Training” c×wZ‡Z
G wel‡q Avfvm cvIqv hvq|
†bZ…Z¡‡K gbt¯—vwË¡K †cÖw¶‡Z we‡klY Kiv
wbùj we‡ePbv K‡i ÔInv‡qv ‡óU
BDwbfvwm©wUi Kg©x M‡elYv †evW© Õ
50 Gi `k‡K GK bZyb G¨v‡cÖvP MÖnY K‡i| bZzb G¨v‡cÖv‡P Zviv PvwiwÎK ˆewk†ó¨i Ici
†_‡K `„wó mwi‡q †bZvi AvPi‡Yi w`‡K `„wó cÖ`vb K‡i| GK eQ‡i GB Avw½‡K 30wUiI
†ewk M‡elYv cwiPvwjZ nq| GB M‡elYvi eni ‡_‡K GB c×wZi RbwcÖqZv m¤^‡Ü GKwU aviYv
Kiv hvq|
†bZv n‡jv e¨w³
Avi ‡bZ…Z Zvi ¸Yvejx | ‡bZ…Z¡ g~jZt †bZvi ¸Yvejxi ewntcªKvk | Avi GB ¸Yvejxi
cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Ges Zvi Kv‡Ri aiY †_‡K ‡bZ…Z¡ KZ cªKv‡ii n‡Z cv‡i Zv wbiƒcY Kiv nq|
G‡¶‡Î
cÖvmw½K welq¸wj n‡”Q -
(K) ‡bZvi e¨w³Z¡,
(L) msMV‡bi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨,
(M) m`m¨‡`i e¨w³MZ Pvwn`v I cÖZ¨vkv Ges
(N) `‡ji MVb KvVv‡gv I Ae¯’vb|
There
is no denying the fact, that there is no single best way to lead and inspire in
the field of education. Each educator, as well as schools, view leadership strategies differently, as certain
situations, features and actions seem far more favorable than others at
different levels and times. Broadly, three strategies that can also be summed
as types of leadership styles in education are used individually or as a
versatile combination. They are hierarchical, transformational and
facilitative.
G
†_‡K, M‡elKMY †bZ…Z¡‡K cÖavbZ: wZbwU †kÖYx‡Z wef³ K‡i‡Q| h_v :
K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZ„Z¡
(Carismatic leadership):
K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZv Zv‡`i ejv nq hviv mnRvZ ¶gZv, ¸Yvejx I PwiÎMZ
ˆewkó¨ wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zviv †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq meiKg ¸‡Yi
AwaKvix| GB avibvi AbymvixMY wek¦vm K‡ib †h, †bZv, †bZv n‡qB Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| c~‡e©B
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q †h, GB ¸Yvejx ev Ògnr‡jvK
w_IixÕÕ gbt¯—vwË¡K a¨vb-aviYv †_‡K D™¢~Z| gbt¯—vwË¡K `„wó‡KvY †_‡K ejv nq,
†bZ…Z¡ cÖ`v‡bi ¶gZv cÖavbZ PvwiwÎK ˆewk‡ó¨i Ici iwPZ| Rb¥MZ †bZ…e„›` †bZv
wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ cvb KviY D”Pvkv, ˆah©kxj, AvZ¥wfgvb, b¤ªZv, eÜymyjf g‡bvfve,
wbf©i‡hvM¨Zv, mnbkxjZv I RbwcªqZv, KvR Kwi‡q †bqvi ¶gZv BZ¨vw` e¨w³MZ ¸Yvejx
Zv‡`i mnRvZ |
†K‡b‡RwfP K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZ„Z¡‡KB Ôsymbolic’ ‡bZv wn‡m‡e bvg w`‡q‡Qb | G †kÖYxi †bZvi D`vniY wn‡m‡e †Rvqvb
Ae AvK©, †jwbb, Bw›`ivMvÜx, †kL gywReyi ingvb cÖgy‡Li bvg D‡jL Kiv hvq | G
kZvãxi cÖ_gv‡aŸ© Ugvm KvijvBj e‡jb, ÔÔgnvgvbe
Z‡Ë¡ `vex Kiv nq †h c„w_exi DbœwZi BwZnvm‡K ¸wU K‡qK gnv gvb‡ei DbœwZi BwZnvm
ejv hvq|ÕÕ
AvbyôvwbK I cwi‡ekMZ †bZ„Z¡
(Formal & Environmental leadership):
`‡ji mvs¯‹…wZK ‡cÖ¶vc‡Ui AbyK~j c`, MyYvejx ,`¶Zv I ‰ewkó¨
AR©b K‡i `‡ji AvbyôvwbK †bZ„‡Z¡i c‡` AwawôZ nIqv hvq| Gfv‡e ivRv, `jcwZ, †kL
BZ¨vw` Rb¥m~‡Î ‡bZ…Z¡ MÖnY K‡ib | hw`I ¯§iY ivLv cª‡qvRb †h, ivRv ev `jcwZ‡K H
c‡`i Dchy³ ¸Yvejx I `¶Zv AvniY Ki‡Z nq| GLv‡bB K¨vwiRg¨vwUK ‡bZvi mv‡_
AvbyôvwbK †bZvi cv_©K¨| AvbyôvwbK †bZv‡K c‡`i Dchy³ n‡Z nq Ab¨w`‡K K¨vwiRg¨vwUK
†bZv Hme Dchy³Zvmn Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| G QvovI K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZv me©cÖKvi cwiw¯’wZ‡Z
†bZ…Z¡ w`‡Z m¶g wKš‘ AvbyôvwbK †bZv Ae¯’vi cwieZ©b NU‡j Avi ‡bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb Ki‡Z m¶g
nb bv |
Kvh©Ki ‡bZ„Z¡
(Effective leadership):
msMV†bi ev `‡ji wU‡K _vKvi Rb¨ Avek¨Kxq we‡kl †KŠkjMZ,
cÖhyw³MZ, Av_©-mvgvwRK I ivR‰bwZK ¸Yvejxi AwaKvix e¨w³ wn‡m‡e cÖkvm‡Ki Ici `‡ji
Kvh©Ki ‡bZ…Z¡ Pvwc‡q †`qv nq | GB †kÖYxi ‡bZ…Z¡ cÖavbZ `‡ji cÖZ¨vkv Av`vb-cÖ`vb
I D‡Ïk¨ mva‡bi wfwˇZ iwPZ| mvaviYZ mg‡hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ e¨w³‡`i ga¨ †_‡K GB †kÖYxi
†bZv g‡bvbxZ, wbhy³ A_ev evQvB Kiv nq | hy‡Mvc‡hvMx KZ„©‡Z¡i aviYv Kvh©Ki
KZ©„‡Z¡i aviYviB Abyi~c| wk¶v cÖkvm‡b Kvh©Ki †bZ„Z¡ me©vwaK m½Z I cÖvmw½K|
we‡kl cwi‡e‡ki cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z cvi¯úwiK Av`vb-cÖ`vb I cÖfveK wn‡m‡e Kvh©Ki ‡bZ„‡Z¡i
eY©bv †`qv hvq|
GQvovI
wewfbœ M‡elYvi gva¨‡g †bZ…‡Z¡i wewfbœ aiY wPwýZ Kiv nq | wb‡æ G¸‡jvi eY©bv †`qv
n‡jv :-
ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K
‡bZ…Z¡ (Autocratic or Dictatorial
leadership):
GwU ‡bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vB‡ji cwigvcK h‡š¿i me©‡kl we›`y | GLv‡b
Abymvix‡`i myweav I Av‡eM-Abyf~wZ‡K D‡c¶v K‡i Av‡`k, wb‡`©k, wb‡lavÁv, ej
cÖ‡qvM, kvw¯— cÖ`vb cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g KvR Av`vq Kiv nq | Pig ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡
†bZv wb‡R‡K me©gq ¶gZvi AwaKvix g‡b K‡ib Ges GKvB me©cÖKvi cÖkvmwbK wm×vš— MÖnY
K‡ib| Gi g~jbxwZ nj-GK `j, GK †bZv, GK K_v| D`vniY wn‡m‡e †ewbZ gy‡mvwjwb,
wnUjvi, evsjv‡`‡ki †jt ‡Rt †nvt gyt Gikv` cÖg~‡Li bvg D‡jL Kiv hvq |
MYZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡
(Democratic leadership):
GLv‡b ¯^vaxbfv‡e
e¨w³i gZvgZ cÖKv‡ki my‡hvM _v‡K| RbMYB mKj ¶gZvi AwaKvix, †bZv Zv‡`i cÖwZwbwa
gvÎ | G m¤ú‡K© Rb Aveªvnvg wj¼b e‡jb, ÒDemocracy
is the government, of the people, for the people & by the people.’’
GLv‡b Abymvix‡`i cÖwZ bgbxq g‡bvfve †cvlY K‡I cÖksmv I †cÖlYvg~jK cyi¯‹v‡ii
gva¨‡g Kv‡R Drmvn cÖ`vb Kiv nq |
AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZ…Z¡
(Bureaucratic leadership):
g¨vK‡MÖMi
AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZ…‡Z¡i Dci †Rvi w`‡q‡Qb | G ai‡Yi †bZ…‡Z¡ bxwZ I c×wZ c~e© †_‡KB
wba©viY Kiv _v‡K Ges miKvwi Avgjv‡`i Øviv Gme bxwZ I c×wZ ev¯—evwqZ nq | AvgjvZvwš¿K
†bZv c`vwaKvi e‡j ‡bZ…Z¡ K‡ib Ges cÖkvm‡bi †K›`ªwe›`y‡Z _v‡Kb | Zviv AZ¨š—
`„pfv‡e †RvovgB-wkKj (Chain
of command) AbymiY K‡ib | HwZn¨MZfv‡e
AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZviv ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K, MYZvwš¿K I Aeva †bZ…‡Z¡i GK wgkªiƒc cÖ‡qvM K‡ib
|
ivR‰bwZK †bZ…Z¡
(Political leadership):
G †bZ…Z¡
GK`j e¨w³‡K AvK…ó K‡i a‡i iv‡L Ges †bZv Zvi
B‡”QgZ Zv‡`i‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib | Avi e¨w³eM© †bZvi Av`‡k©i Abymvix nq |
D`vi‰bwZK ev gy³ ev Aeva
†bZ…Z¡ (Liberal leadership):
G ai‡Yi †bZ…Z¡ †bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vB‡ji Aci †giy‡Z Aew¯’Z | GwU `‡ji
m`m¨w`M‡K Acvi m¦vaxbZv cÖ`vb K‡i Ges msMV‡bi my¯^v‡¯’¨i Rb¨ `jMZ Av‡jvPbv I
wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi Ici wbf©i K‡i | G‡Z †bZv †Kvb Kg©x‡K wb‡`©k cÖ`vb K‡i bv | G
†kªYxi †bZv wewfbœ Kg©xi g‡a¨ mgš^qKvix wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i |
wcZ…er †bZ„Z¡
(Fatherlike leadership):
wcZ…er †bZvMY
Aeva ¯^vaxbZv, ˆm¦iZvwš¿K ev MYZvwš¿K †h †Kvb ÷vBj AbymiY K‡ib | MvÜx ev †Rvqvb
Ae Av‡K©i b¨vq Abb¨ mvaviY †bZ„Z¡ c„w_ex‡Z mwZ¨B `yj©f | ïay wk¶v cÖkvmK †Kb,
†h †Kvb msMV‡bi ‡bZvivB Pwi‡Îi GB `yj©f hv`ygš¿ I Pwi‡Îi Aš—j©xb Ava¨vwZ¥K kw³
aviY K‡ib | Z‡e GB g‡bvfve †bZvi ch©‡e¶Y ¶gZv‡K msKxY© K‡i †`q | wk¶Ke„›` cÖavb
wk¶‡Ki cÖwZ AbyMZ n‡eb Ges Av‡`k †g‡b Pj‡eb, GB aviYvi ek©eZ©x n‡q cÖkvmb KvR
K‡i|
cÖfyZ¡g~jK †bZ…Z¡ (Administrative leadership):
G ai‡Yi
†bZ…‡Z¡ mvaviYZ †Kvb KvR †Rvic~e©K Kiv‡bv nq Ges KvRwU mwVKfv‡e m¤úbœ bv n‡j
kvw¯— cÖ`vb Kiv nq| d‡j e¨w³ †bZv‡K fq cvq Ges Kv‡Ri cÖwZ AvMÖn nvwi‡q †d‡j |
GLv‡b, cÖf~ Avi f„Z¨g~jK m¤ú‡K©i m„wó nq |
bxwZ cÖYqYKvix
‡bZ…Z¡ (Policy making leadership):
G ai‡Yi †bZv ivóª KZ…©K wba©viY Kiv nq hviv †Kvb bxwZ wba©viY
ev cÖYqY K‡i _v‡Kb| Giv mgv‡Ri D”Pc`¯’ I MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© | †hgb- msm`xq ¯’vqx
KwgwU, wewfbœ wk¶v KwgwU BZ¨vw`|
Hk¦wiK †bZ…Z¡
(Worship leadership):
G †bZ…‡Z¡ Ck¦i KZ…©K †bZ…‡Z¡i ¸Yvejx Rb¥ †_‡KB we`¨gvb _v‡K
| g~jZt GwU K¨vwiRg¨vwUK †bZ…‡Z¡i mv`„k¨ | weavZvKZ…©K gZev`- Giv ¶YRb¥v |
†hgb-†Rvqvb Ae AvK©, †jwbb, Bw›`ivMvÜx, †kL gywReyi ingvb cÖgyL |
wecex ev mgvR ms¯‹viK
†bZ…Z¡ (Social reformer leadership):
G ai‡Yi †bZv mgv‡Ri bvbvwea ms¯‹vi mva‡bi j‡¶¨ wewfbœ
wec‡ei Avnevb K‡ib Ges †bZ…Z¡ cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡Kb | ‡hgb- ‡jwbb, ÷vwjb, †P
¸‡qfviv, ˆPwbK †bZv Ksdzwmqvm cÖgyL |
cÖZxKag©x †bZ…Z¡ (Symbolic
leadership):
G ai‡Yi †bZv cÖZxwKiƒ‡c we`¨gvb _v‡K | wZwb bvggvÎ cÖkvmwbK
cÖavb n‡q _v‡Kb | †hgb- evsjv‡`‡ki †cÖwm‡W›U, †MÖUweª‡U‡bi ivRv-ivbx |
we‡klÁ †bZ…Z¡
(Specialist leadership):
G ai‡Yi †bZv †Kvb GKwU we‡kl wel‡q AwfÁ ev cvi`k©x n‡q _v‡Kb
| D³ wel‡q Zvi Ávb, `¶Zv I AwfÁZv †ewk nq e‡j mn‡R mdjZv AR©‡b Ges Ab¨‡K AvK…ó
Ki‡Z m¶g nb|
ag©xq †bZ…Z¡ (Religious leadership):
G ai‡Yi †bZv
wbR wbR a‡g©i Abymvix n‡q _v‡Kb | Zuviv wbR a‡g©i Abymvix‡`i‡KB ag©xq wel‡q
mwVK w`K&-wb‡`©kbv w`‡q _v‡Kb | †hgb- wLª÷vb‡`i m‡e©v”P ag©xq ¸i“-‡cvc |
DcwiD³ ‡bZ…‡Z¡i wewfbœ auv‡P ‡bZv wb‡æv³ AvPiYgvjvi ga¨ †_‡K
†h †Kvb cš’v‡K Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ib| AvPiYgvjv¸wj wb‡P e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv | h_v:
·
¶gZv :
‡bZv wewfbœ
Drm †_‡K ¶gZv AvniY Ki‡Z cv‡ib | we`¨vj‡qi †¶‡Î cÖavb wk¶‡Ki c‡`i KZ©„Z¡ I ¶gZv
cÖvqB wk¶K‡`i ¯^xK…wZ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ h‡_ó |
·
`iKlvKwl :
GLv‡b †`qv
†bqvi cÖwµqv †`Lv hvq | G Abymv‡i a‡i †bqv nq †h, cÖavb wk¶‡Ki ‡bZ…Z¡ ¯^xKvi
Kivi wewbg‡q wk¶KMY wKQzUv AvZ¥Zzwó cvevi Avkv K‡ib |
·
cvi¯úwiK cš’v
:
GwU †bZv I
`j msMV‡bi Rb¨ GKB D‡Ïk¨ wba©viY K‡i _v‡K | ‡bZv I `‡ji GB we¯§qKi wgj I m½wZ,
`‡ji cÖfveY kw³i e¨envi bvKP K‡i †`q |
e¯‘Ztc‡¶ †bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vBj ev avuP welqwU AwZ RwUj | Gi mv‡_
Ic‡i wea„Z AwZgvÎvq mijxK…Z ZvwjKvi wgj Luy‡R bvI cvIqv ‡h‡Z cv‡i| Zey GK_v
¯§iY ivLv cÖ‡qvRb, ‡bZ…‡Z¡i ÷vBj †bZvi Rb¨ AwZ ¸iyZ¡c~Y© | †¯^”QvK…Zfv‡e
GKvw`µ‡g †bZv cvwicvwk¦©KZv, `j I wbR e¨w³‡Z¡i wbix‡L ÷vB‡ji KZUzKy cwieZ©b
mvab Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb Zvi Ic‡i wbf©i Ki‡e Zvi mvdj¨ ev civRq | eZ©gvb Kv‡ji ‡Kvb †bZvB
m¤¢eZt ˆ¯^iZvwš¿K †bZv wn‡m‡e Ae¯’vb Ki‡Z Pv‡eb bv| cÖK„Zc‡¶ cÖkvm‡Ki Ae¯’v †h
†Kvb AvgjvZvwš¿K †bZvi mgZzj¨ | KZUv mdjZv I `¶Zvi mv‡_ wZwb GB me auv‡Pi mv‡_
Ae¯’v, `j I wbR e¨w³‡Z¡i mgš^q mvab Ki‡Z m¶g Zvi Ic‡i wbf©i K‡i we`¨vjq
cÖkvm‡Ki mvdj¨ |
Z‡e ‡bZ…‡Z¡i aiY †hgbB †nvK bv †Kb GKRb mdj †bZv wn‡m‡e ‡bZ…‡Z¡i
wbæwjwLZ ¸Yvejxmg~n _vKv evÃbxq-
‡gvnbxq e¨w³Z¡ ‡hvMv‡hvM
†KŠkj
my`~icÖmvix Kíbvkw³ cig‡Zi
cÖwZ kª×vkxj
mvwe©K `vq-`vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Yi
gvbwmKZv bgbxq g‡bvfve
kvixwiK my¯’Zv mn‡hvwMZvg~jK
g‡bvfve
mvnm I D`¨g cÖkvmwbK
I mvsMVwbK ¶gZv
AvZ¥wbqš¿Y I mshgkxjZv
wm×vš— MÖn‡Yi ¶gZv
AvZ¥mgv‡jvPbv gvbePwiÎ Abyave‡bi
¶gZv
b¨vqcivqYZv ekxf~ZKiY ¶gZv
mgqvbyewZ©Zv wePvi-we‡ePbv ¶gZv
Aa¨emvq we‡klYx ¶gZv
eÜz cÖwZgZv fvimvg¨ i¶vi
¶gZv
Avš—wiKZv mswkó Kvh©welq
m¤ú‡K© Ávb
AbymwÜrmy mvaviY
Ávb
D”Pvwfjvm cwi‡ek I msMVb
m¤ú‡K© ¯^”Q aviYv
m„RbkxjZv mvwe©K aviYv
Dc‡ivwjwLZ ¸Yvejxi me¸‡jv GKRb †bZv ev cÖkvm‡Ki Rxe‡b KL‡bv
_v‡K bv | ZeyI hw` Gme ¸Yvejxi wKQy GKRb †bZvi Pwi‡Î mgv‡ek N‡U, Z‡e Zv‡K mdj
cÖkvmK ejv P‡j | Avi gvby‡li mvwe©K Kj¨vY, kvwš—, mg„w× I mgv‡R k„•Ljv Avbvq‡bi
Rb¨ Ggb Ggb GKRb †bZvi Acwimxg |
Good leaders are made, not born. If anyone has the
desire and willpower, he/she may become an effective leader. Good leaders
develop through a never-ending process of self-study, education, training, and
experience.
Zaman,
April 1987, Dhaka, Shikkha Gobeshana Podhati
o Koushal, Dhaka.
